Linked from

The 55 pages that link to English language, each with the reason it gives.

• British EmpireRelated: Imperial administration and settlement helped spread English across multiple continents.

• Norman ConquestRelated: French-speaking rule contributed many words and a lasting division of language by social setting.

• Swahili languageCompared with: English shares official and educational roles with Swahili in Kenya and Tanzania.

• DanelawNarrower topic: Contact between Old English and Old Norse in the Danelaw helped shape its vocabulary and structure.

• William the ConquerorRelated: Norman rule introduced French vocabulary and altered English’s social status.

• Middle EnglishNarrower topic: Middle English is one historical stage in the language’s development.

• Dutch languageCompared with: English and Dutch share Germanic ancestry while differing substantially in grammar and vocabulary.

• Malay languageCompared with: English competes and coexists with Malay in education, government, and commerce across the region.

• Anglo-Saxon settlement of BritainNarrower topic: The migration helped establish the linguistic foundations from which English developed.

• Battle of HastingsRelated: Norman rule introduced extensive French vocabulary into English and altered its social setting.

• Edward III of EnglandNarrower topic: English gained ground in administration and public life during Edward’s reign.

• Germanic languagesBroader topic: English shows how a Germanic language can acquire extensive vocabulary from other language families.

• Irish languageCompared with: English’s expansion helps explain why Irish became a minority community language.

• William CaxtonNarrower topic: Caxton’s printed books helped stabilize some written forms while preserving variation.

• Early Modern EnglishNarrower topic: Early Modern English is one historical stage in the language’s development.

• English orthographyNarrower topic: Orthography is the shared written system of this broader language.

• LoanwordNarrower topic: English has incorporated vocabulary from many languages across successive periods of contact.

• West Germanic languagesBroader topic: English is the branch’s most widely used language and has undergone extensive contact-driven change.

• Joseph ConradRelated: Conrad adopted English as a literary language after learning it as an adult.

• World EnglishesNarrower topic: World Englishes are varieties of this shared language.

• EnglandRelated: England was the language’s place of origin before empire and migration spread it.

• British EnglishNarrower topic: British English is one group of varieties within this wider language.

• William TyndaleNarrower topic: Tyndale’s memorable biblical vocabulary helped shape written English.

• AfrikaansCompared with: Its expanding influence has shaped Afrikaans usage and language politics.

• High German consonant shiftCompared with: English retains many consonants that shifted in High German, as in two beside zwei.

• Frisian languagesCompared with: English shares historical affinities with Frisian but is not itself a Frisian language.

• GuyanaRelated: English distinguishes Guyana linguistically from most neighboring South American countries.

• Tok PisinRelated: English supplied much of Tok Pisin’s vocabulary, but Tok Pisin has its own grammar.

• Official languages of South AfricaCompared with: English has disproportionate public and economic use despite sharing formal status with eleven others.

• BislamaRelated: English supplied much of Bislama’s vocabulary, though Bislama has its own grammar.

• InuktitutCompared with: English is a dominant contact language in many Inuktitut-speaking communities and institutions.

• KirundiCompared with: English has official status in Burundi despite being unrelated to Kirundi.

• Language divergenceRelated: Its history combines inherited Germanic change with extensive contact-driven change.

• Modern EnglishNarrower topic: Modern English is one historical stage of this broader language.

• Pluricentric languageBroader topic: British, American, and other national standards make English a prominent pluricentric case.

• ZuluRelated: English and Zulu interact in South African education, media, and everyday multilingual life.

• Anglo-AmericaRelated: English use is the main criterion for including places in Anglo-America.

• Cherokee languageCompared with: English contact and dominance affect Cherokee use, while its grammar and writing system differ substantially.

• Fijian languageRelated: English shares official status with Fijian and shapes multilingual public communication.

• Marshallese languageRelated: English contact has influenced Marshallese vocabulary and public language use.

• NormansRelated: Norman French vocabulary entered English after the conquest and transformed its lexicon.

• History of EnglandRelated: Conquest, migration, literature, and empire shaped its development and spread.

• Tuvaluan languageCompared with: English shares public and educational settings with Tuvaluan, despite belonging to a different language family.

• West FrisianRelated: English and Frisian retain notable similarities, though their histories diverged long ago.

• AnglosphereNarrower topic: Widespread English use is the Anglosphere’s clearest shared feature.

• David CrystalRelated: English is the language at the center of much of Crystal’s scholarship and public writing.

• English peopleRelated: It is closely associated with English identity, though many English people speak other languages.

• GermanCompared with: English shares Germanic roots but has a markedly different grammar and vocabulary history.

• Kiran DesaiRelated: English-language fiction lets Desai examine colonial history and global readership together.

• SamoanCompared with: English is a major contact language in Samoan communities and differs sharply in structure.