Enrico Fermi

Enrico Fermi was an Italian-American physicist who made foundational contributions to nuclear physics and quantum theory. He led the team that achieved the first controlled nuclear chain reaction in 1942 and received the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Laura Fermi: Laura Fermi was an Italian-American writer and Enrico Fermi’s wife, who documented their life and emigration. Her memoirs describe Fermi’s scientific life and their escape from Fascist Italy.
Fermi–Dirac statistics: Quantum statistics describing indistinguishable fermions that obey the Pauli exclusion principle. Fermi and Paul Dirac independently formulated the statistics that govern electrons and other fermions.
University of Pisa: A public research university in Pisa, Italy, founded in 1343. Fermi earned his physics degree there in 1922.
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory: A United States particle physics laboratory in Illinois, commonly called Fermilab. The laboratory bears Fermi’s name in recognition of his influence on modern physics.
Emilio Segrè: Emilio Segrè was an Italian-American physicist who discovered several elements and studied nuclear reactions. A former student and colleague, he worked with Fermi in Rome and the United States.
Fermi theory of beta decay: A quantum field theory describing beta decay through a point-like weak interaction. Fermi proposed this theory in 1933–34, incorporating Pauli’s hypothesized neutrino.
University of Göttingen: A German research university associated with major developments in mathematics and theoretical physics. Fermi spent a short period there in 1923, early in his scientific career.
Fermi paradox: The apparent contradiction between the high probability of extraterrestrial civilizations and the lack of observed evidence for them. The paradox is associated with Fermi’s reported question about where everybody is.
Leo Szilard: Leo Szilard was a physicist who conceived the nuclear chain reaction and helped initiate the Manhattan Project. His chain-reaction idea helped set the course for Fermi’s reactor work.
Neutron moderation: The slowing of neutrons through collisions with atomic nuclei, often to increase their likelihood of causing fission. Fermi’s reactor design used graphite to slow neutrons and sustain the chain reaction.

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