Ethanolamine

Ethanolamine is a two-carbon organic compound with both an amino group and a hydroxyl group. It is used to remove acidic gases, make detergents, and synthesize other chemicals.

Amine: An organic compound derived from ammonia by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with carbon-containing groups. Ethanolamine’s nitrogen belongs to this compound family and gives it basic character.
Amine gas treating: An industrial process that removes acidic gases from gas streams using aqueous amine solutions. Ethanolamine solutions absorb carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from process gases.
Chemical formula: A notation showing the types and numbers of atoms in a substance. Ethanolamine’s formula, C₂H₇NO, summarizes its elemental composition.
Ammonia: A nitrogen hydride with the formula NH₃, widely used as a fertilizer feedstock and chemical reagent. Unlike ammonia, ethanolamine also contains a hydroxyl group and a carbon chain.
Alcohol (chemistry): An organic compound containing a hydroxyl group bonded to a saturated carbon atom. Ethanolamine’s hydroxyl group gives it alcohol-like reactions and water solubility.
Carbon capture: The separation of carbon dioxide from industrial emissions or other gas mixtures for storage or use. Ethanolamine scrubbing is a well-established chemical method for separating carbon dioxide.
Functional group: A group of atoms in a molecule that largely determines its characteristic chemical reactions. Its amino and hydroxyl groups account for much of ethanolamine’s chemistry.
Ethylene glycol: A two-carbon diol with the formula C₂H₆O₂, used chiefly in antifreeze and polyester production. It shares ethanolamine’s two-carbon backbone but has two hydroxyl groups instead of an amino group.
Acid–base reaction: A chemical reaction involving transfer of a proton between an acid and a base. Its amine group accepts protons from acidic gases such as carbon dioxide.
Monoethanolamine: The common name for ethanolamine, also called 2-aminoethanol. This name is widely used for the chemical in gas treating and industrial supply.

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