European Court of Human Rights

An international court based in Strasbourg that rules on applications alleging violations of the European Convention on Human Rights by states bound by it.

European Convention on Human Rights: A Council of Europe treaty that protects civil and political rights and establishes the European Court of Human Rights. The Convention supplies the rights the Court interprets and the legal basis for applications.
Council of Europe: An international organization founded in 1949 to promote human rights, democracy, and the rule of law in Europe. The Council of Europe created the Convention system and elects the Court's judges.
Robert Lecourt: A French jurist who served as president of the European Court of Human Rights from 1965 to 1971. His presidency coincided with the Court's early development into an active international tribunal.
Handyside v United Kingdom: A 1976 European Court of Human Rights case concerning restrictions on a schoolbook and freedom of expression. The judgment articulated the margin of appreciation while emphasizing protection for unsettling expression.
Court of Justice of the European Union: The judicial institution that interprets European Union law and ensures its uniform application across the EU. It belongs to the European Union, unlike this Council of Europe court.
Individual application: A complaint submitted by a person, group, or nongovernmental organization alleging a state violated Convention rights. It gives individuals direct access to the Court after domestic remedies are exhausted.
European Convention on Human Rights Protocols: Treaty instruments that amend the Convention or add rights and procedures for states that ratify them. Protocols have expanded the rights protected and reshaped the Court's procedures.
Luzius Wildhaber: A Swiss jurist who served as president of the European Court of Human Rights from 1998 to 2007. He led the Court during major procedural reforms intended to manage rising applications.
Soering v United Kingdom: A 1989 case in which the Court held that extradition could violate the Convention because of foreseeable treatment abroad. It established that a state's removal decision can engage Convention responsibility for risks outside its territory.
European Court of Auditors: The European Union institution that audits the EU's finances and reports on the use of its budget. Its name resembles the Court's, but it audits EU spending rather than deciding human-rights claims.

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