Evolutionary ecology

Evolutionary ecology studies how ecological conditions shape evolutionary change and how evolution alters interactions among organisms and their environments.

Natural selection: Differential survival and reproduction cause heritable traits to become more or less common across generations. Ecological differences in survival and reproduction generate selection on evolving populations.
Population genetics: The study of genetic variation within populations and how evolutionary processes change it. It provides models for how ecological pressures alter genetic variation and trait frequencies.
Evolutionary rescue: The persistence of a population under environmental change because adaptive evolution prevents extinction. It links the pace of environmental deterioration to a population's capacity to evolve.
Evolutionary biology: The study of the origin and change of heritable biological variation across generations. It is the broader field; evolutionary ecology foregrounds ecological causes and consequences.
Frequency-dependent selection: Selection in which a trait's fitness depends on how common it is relative to alternatives. Changing trait frequencies can alter fitness and produce feedback between populations and their ecological interactions.
Quantitative genetics: The study of the inheritance and evolution of traits influenced by many genes and environmental effects. Many ecologically important traits vary continuously and evolve through changes in their inherited variation.
Rapid evolution: Heritable evolutionary change occurring quickly enough to be observed over short ecological timescales. It can alter population growth and species interactions within ecological studies.
Ecology: The study of relationships among organisms and between organisms and their environments. It supplies the ecological focus that evolutionary ecology explicitly joins to evolutionary change.
Phenotypic plasticity: The capacity of one genotype to produce different phenotypes in different environments. Environmental responses can change ecological performance without genetic change, and can alter later selection.
Community ecology: The study of interactions among species living in the same community. It describes the interspecific interactions that evolutionary change can reshape.

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