Finnish Civil War

The Finnish Civil War was a 1918 conflict between socialist Reds and non-socialist Whites, ending in White victory and shaping Finland’s early independence.

Red Guards (Finland): The armed forces of Finland’s socialist Reds during the 1918 civil war. They formed the Reds’ military arm against White forces.
Finnish Declaration of Independence: Finland’s declaration of independence from Russia, adopted on 6 December 1917. Independence left the new state’s political authority contested.
Kullervo Manner: A Finnish socialist politician who led the Red government during the civil war. As head of the Red delegation, he embodied the Reds’ political authority.
Finnish prisoner camps of 1918: Camps that held tens of thousands of captured Reds after the Finnish Civil War. Harsh conditions and disease caused mass deaths after fighting ended.
Finnish Reds: The socialist political and military movement that fought the Whites in Finland in 1918. They sought political power through a revolution that the White side defeated.
White Guard (Finland): The militia and army associated with Finland’s non-socialist Whites. It supplied the White side’s military organization and forces.
Finnish parliamentary election, 1917: The July 1917 election that ended the Social Democrats’ majority in Finland’s parliament. The shift in parliamentary power sharpened conflict between socialist and non-socialist factions.
Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim: A Finnish military leader who commanded White forces during the civil war. His command helped organize the White victory.
White Terror (Finland): Executions and reprisals by White forces and authorities against Reds during and after the war. It describes the lethal repression accompanying White victory.
Finnish Whites: The non-socialist political and military movement that defeated the Reds in Finland in 1918. They defended the Senate’s authority and emerged victorious.

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