First Barons' War

The First Barons' War was a civil war in England from 1215 to 1217 between King John and rebellious barons, fought over royal authority and the enforcement of Magna Carta.

Magna Carta: A charter issued by King John in 1215 that set limits on royal authority and addressed baronial grievances. The charter's rejection and reissue shaped the war's central dispute over the king's obligations.
Siege of Rochester Castle: A siege in 1215 in which King John's forces captured Rochester Castle from rebel barons. Its fall demonstrated the king's early military strength against the rebellion.
Henry III of England: King of England from 1216 to 1272, who succeeded his father John during the First Barons' War. His accession gave royalists a new king around whom to rally.
Magna Carta of 1216: The revised version of Magna Carta issued in 1216 in the name of the young Henry III. Reissuing the charter helped detach its principles from the rebellion against John.
King John: King of England from 1199 to 1216, whose rule faced rebellion and foreign invasion. His repudiation of Magna Carta helped transform opposition into armed revolt.
Louis VIII of France: King of France from 1223 to 1226 who invaded England in 1216 at the invitation of rebel barons. The barons sought his military support and offered him the English crown.
Robert Fitzwalter: An English baron and military leader of the rebellion against King John in 1215. He became a leading commander of the rebel barons.
Magna Carta of 1217: The revised charter issued by Henry III's government after the First Barons' War. This postwar edition preserved a lasting version of the settlement.
Baronial revolt of 1215: The uprising by English barons against King John that began before the First Barons' War. The revolt produced the confrontation that escalated into civil war.
Battle of Lincoln (1217): A 1217 battle in which royalist forces defeated the French and rebel army besieging Lincoln Castle. The royalist victory weakened the invasion that sustained the rebellion.

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