First Ivorian Civil War

The First Ivorian Civil War was an armed conflict in Côte d’Ivoire between government forces and northern rebel groups, beginning with a failed coup in September 2002 and formally ending with a 2007 peace agreement.

Mouvement patriotique de Côte d'Ivoire: A rebel movement that launched the September 2002 uprising and became the dominant northern force in Côte d’Ivoire. Its uprising began the war, and its leader later negotiated the main peace settlement.
Ivoirité: A political doctrine of Ivorian identity that became associated with excluding people of foreign ancestry from citizenship and political rights. Disputes over who counted as Ivorian intensified the political grievances behind the rebellion.
Guillaume Soro: An Ivorian politician who led the Forces nouvelles during the civil war and later served as prime minister. As rebel leader, he became a central negotiator in the 2007 peace agreement.
2010–2011 Ivorian crisis: A political and military crisis in Côte d’Ivoire following the disputed 2010 presidential election. Unresolved divisions from the civil war re-emerged violently after the election.
Forces nouvelles de Côte d'Ivoire: A coalition of Ivorian rebel groups that controlled much of northern Côte d’Ivoire during the civil war. The coalition brought the principal northern rebel groups under a shared command.
Alassane Ouattara: An Ivorian politician who served as president from 2011 and whose eligibility for earlier elections was contested. His exclusion from the 2000 presidential election sharpened disputes over citizenship and political access.
Gbagbo–Soro peace deal: The 2007 agreement between Laurent Gbagbo and Guillaume Soro that set out steps to end Côte d’Ivoire’s civil conflict. Their agreement made Soro prime minister and established a framework for reunification.
Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration: A process for disarming combatants, disbanding armed groups, and helping former fighters return to civilian life. The peace agreement depended on integrating rebel fighters and dismantling parallel armed structures.
Ivorian Armed Forces: The military forces of Côte d’Ivoire, which fought to preserve government control during the civil war. Government forces confronted the rebellion but did not retake the north.
Henri Konan Bédié: An Ivorian politician who served as president from 1993 to 1999 and promoted the concept of Ivoirité. His government’s identity-based politics helped establish a divisive political framework.

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