First Jewish–Roman War

A revolt against Roman rule in Judea from 66 to 73 CE. It ended with Jerusalem’s destruction and the defeat of the last major rebel strongholds.

Great Revolt: The Jewish uprising against Rome that began in Judea in 66 CE. The uprising’s opening phase, before Roman forces reconquered much of Judea.
Judaea (Roman province): A Roman province in the southern Levant, governed directly by Roman officials from 6 CE. Roman administration of this province formed the political setting for the uprising.
Josephus: A first-century Jewish historian who fought in the revolt before surrendering to the Romans. His account, The Jewish War, is the principal narrative source for the conflict.
Destruction of the Second Temple: The Roman destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE. The temple’s destruction was the war’s most consequential religious and political loss.
Gamla: An ancient Jewish town in the Golan captured by Roman forces during the revolt. Its siege illustrates the Roman reconquest of fortified towns beyond Jerusalem.
Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE): The Roman siege that culminated in Jerusalem’s capture and destruction in 70 CE. The decisive siege that ended organized resistance in the city.
Gessius Florus: The Roman procurator of Judaea from 64 to 66 CE, whose rule provoked intense opposition. His actions helped ignite the revolt in Jerusalem.
Simon bar Giora: A rebel commander who led forces during the First Jewish–Roman War. His faction contested control of Jerusalem as Roman forces closed in.
Arch of Titus: A Roman triumphal arch in Rome commemorating Titus’s victory in Judea. Its reliefs depict spoils taken from the Jerusalem Temple.
Jotapata: A fortified town in Galilee captured by the Romans in 67 CE. Josephus commanded its defense before surrendering to Vespasian.

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