First Mexican Republic

Mexico’s federal republic, established under the Constitution of 1824, lasted until a centralist government replaced it in 1835.

Mexican War of Independence: An armed struggle from 1810 to 1821 that ended Spanish rule over Mexico. The republic inherited a sovereign state created by this independence struggle.
President of Mexico: The head of Mexico’s executive branch and head of state. Presidents governed under the republic’s constitutional framework, often confronting divided authority.
Guadalupe Victoria: A Mexican independence leader who served as the first president of the republic from 1824 to 1829. His presidency was the republic’s first sustained attempt at constitutional national government.
Seven Constitutional Laws: A set of Mexican constitutional laws enacted in 1836 that replaced the federal system with a centralist republic. They formalized the centralist transformation that followed the republic’s end.
Centralism in Mexico: A political doctrine favoring concentrated authority in Mexico’s national government over autonomous states. Centralists opposed the republic’s defining commitment to state-level political autonomy.
First Mexican Empire: Mexico’s brief monarchy under Agustín de Iturbide, which lasted from 1821 to 1823. The empire’s collapse cleared the way for a republican constitution.
Congress of the Union: Mexico’s federal legislature, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The republic’s national legislature translated constitutional rules into laws and political contests.
Vicente Guerrero: A Mexican independence leader who served as president from 1829 to 1830. His presidency exposed fierce conflicts over political inclusion and executive power.
Centralist Republic of Mexico: Mexico’s centralist political system established in the 1830s, which subordinated states to the national government. It replaced the federal structure of the First Mexican Republic.
Mexican Liberalism: A political tradition in Mexico advocating constitutional government, civil liberties, and limits on institutional privilege. Liberal ideas shaped federalist resistance to clerical, military, and executive power.

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