Linked from

The 18 pages that link to Foreign exchange reserves, each with the reason it gives.

• Asian financial crisisRelated: Many Asian economies accumulated larger reserves afterward to strengthen defenses against sudden capital outflows.

• Currency boardRelated: These reserves back the domestic monetary base and support conversion at the board’s fixed rate.

• Currency crisisRelated: Authorities spend reserves to meet demand for foreign currency while defending a threatened peg.

• Floating exchange rateRelated: A float can reduce the need to spend reserves defending a fixed parity.

• Six-Point MovementRelated: The program sought separate accounts for the foreign exchange earned by each wing.

• Capital controlsRelated: Controls can reduce reserve losses when demand for foreign currency surges.

• Capital flightRelated: A central bank may spend reserves defending its currency as capital leaves.

• Fixed exchange rateRelated: Reserves finance intervention when demand pushes the currency away from its peg.

• Currency pegRelated: Reserves provide foreign currency for supporting a peg under pressure.

• Sovereign wealth fundRelated: Some sovereign funds receive assets judged unnecessary for immediate currency and liquidity needs.

• Foreign-exchange interventionRelated: Reserve holdings constrain how long and how forcefully authorities can sell or buy currencies.

• Special drawing rightsRelated: Exchanging SDRs can convert reserve assets into currencies usable for external payments.

• Currency swapRelated: A swap can provide temporary access to foreign currency without an immediate sale of reserves.

• Ecuadorian dollarizationRelated: Dollarized banking still depends on external liquidity and reserve buffers.

• Australian dollarRelated: Central-bank holdings and currency composition shape the wider international monetary context for AUD.

• Hard currencyRelated: Reserve managers favor currencies that are liquid and trusted internationally.