KnowraFormal scienceLinked fromLinked fromThe 3 pages that link to Formal science, each with the reason it gives.All 3Broader topic 1Narrower topic 1Compared with 1MathematicsNarrower topic: Mathematics is a central formal science, alongside logic and theoretical computer science.Branches of scienceBroader topic: It studies structures and relations rather than empirical phenomena directly.Natural science disciplinesCompared with: Unlike natural sciences, formal sciences do not primarily test claims against physical observations.