Foul (athletics)

A rule violation in an athletics event that invalidates an attempt or performance. The specific violations depend on the event, such as a throw, jump, or race.

Long jump: A track-and-field event in which athletes sprint and jump for distance into a sand pit. A takeoff beyond the board’s foul line invalidates the jump.
Attempt (athletics): A single effort by an athlete in a field event, such as a jump or throw. A foul invalidates that effort rather than recording it as a valid mark.
Disqualification (athletics): The removal of an athlete from an athletics event or result under competition rules. A foul invalidates an attempt; a disqualification can remove an athlete from further competition or the results.
World record: The best performance officially recognized under the rules of a sport or event. A record requires a valid performance; a foul attempt cannot establish one.
Shot put: A field event in which an athlete puts a heavy metal ball from a confined circle. Leaving the circle improperly or landing outside its sector makes the attempt a foul.
Takeoff board: A marked board near the end of a runway from which athletes take off in horizontal jumps. Its foul line defines whether a long jump or triple jump attempt is valid.
No mark: A field-event result in which an athlete records no valid distance or height during the competition. Repeated fouls can leave an athlete with no recorded mark.
Wind assistance: The effect of wind on a performance, measured in specified athletics events to determine record eligibility. Wind legality is separate from fouling, but both can determine whether a performance is officially valid.
Javelin throw: A field event in which athletes throw a spear-like implement for distance. A throw is invalid if the javelin lands outside the sector or the athlete crosses the arc.
Foul line: A boundary that an athlete must not cross during a specified sporting attempt. Crossing the event’s line is a common, observable basis for an athletics foul.

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