French Cameroon

French Cameroon was the French-administered portion of the former German colony of Kamerun, governed under a United Nations trusteeship from 1946 until independence in 1960.

German Kamerun: A German colony in Central Africa from 1884 until its conquest by Allied forces during the First World War. French Cameroon occupied the larger share of this former colony after its partition.
United Nations Trust Territory of Cameroon under French administration: The former French mandate territory placed under United Nations trusteeship in 1946 and administered by France. This was French Cameroon’s formal international status before independence.
Independence of Cameroon: The end of French administration and establishment of the Republic of Cameroon as an independent state on 1 January 1960. It transformed the trust territory into a sovereign republic.
British Cameroons: The British-administered portions of former German Kamerun, governed as League of Nations mandates and later United Nations trust territories. Unlike French Cameroon, they were divided between a territory that joined Nigeria and one that joined Cameroon.
Mandate for the Cameroons: A League of Nations mandate that divided former German Kamerun between Britain and France after the First World War. The French mandate established the territory’s predecessor administration.
United Nations Trusteeship Council: A United Nations body that supervised the administration of trust territories and reviewed progress toward self-government. It examined France’s administration and the territory’s progress toward self-government.
Republic of Cameroon: The independent state established in 1960 from the former French-administered United Nations trust territory. It inherited the institutions and much of the territory of French Cameroon.
Northern Cameroons: The northern part of British Cameroons, which voted in 1961 to join Nigeria. Its choice contrasted with Southern Cameroons’ decision to join the independent republic.
Partition of Kamerun: The postwar division of German Kamerun into French and British League of Nations mandates. This division created the distinct territories that later faced different paths to independence.
Union des populations du Cameroun: A Cameroonian nationalist political movement founded in 1948 that sought independence and reunification. Its challenge to French authority became central to the struggle over independence.

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