Knowra Gender norms Gender norms Gender norms are shared social expectations about how people should behave, look, and occupy roles based on gender. They vary across cultures and change over time.
Gender socialization : The process by which people learn social expectations associated with gender. Families, schools, peers, and media transmit gender norms through repeated lessons and examples.
Gender in education : The study of how gender shapes educational experiences, practices, and outcomes. Classroom expectations can influence participation, subject choices, and judgments of ability.
Gender identity : A person's internal sense of their own gender. Identity is a personal experience; norms are social expectations that may or may not align with it.
Gender inequality : Unequal access to resources, rights, status, or opportunities among people of different genders. Gender norms can sustain broader patterns of unequal power and opportunity.
Margaret Mead : An American cultural anthropologist known for research on adolescence, culture, and gender in the Pacific. Her comparative work challenged claims that gendered behavior is universal or biologically fixed.
Gender performativity : Judith Butler’s theory that repeated acts help produce the appearance of stable gender identities. It explains how repeated conformity to norms can make gender expectations seem natural.
Gender pay gap : The difference in average earnings between groups of women and men in a population. Workplace norms and occupational sorting contribute to persistent earnings differences.
Sex and gender distinction : The conceptual distinction between biological sex traits and socially shaped gender categories and roles. Norms concern social expectations, not biological traits themselves.
Gender-based violence : Violence directed at people because of their gender or that disproportionately affects a gender group. Norms about authority, sexuality, and entitlement can help legitimize violence.
Simone de Beauvoir : A French philosopher and writer whose work examined women's social position and the making of gendered identity. Her account of becoming a woman helped frame gender as shaped by social life.
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