Genomics

Genomics studies the complete DNA sequence of an organism, including its genes, structure, function, variation, and interactions.

DNA sequencing: Laboratory methods that determine the order of nucleotides in DNA. Sequencing produces the DNA reads used to reconstruct and analyze genomes.
Genome: The complete genetic material of an organism or cell. Genomics takes the genome, rather than one gene, as its central object.
Genome-wide association study: A study that tests genetic variants across many genomes for association with a trait. These studies use genome-wide variation to locate regions linked to traits.
Human Genome Project: An international research project that produced a reference sequence for the human genome. It established the feasibility and scale of coordinated human genome sequencing.
Genetic privacy: The protection and control of information about a person's genetic characteristics. Genome data can reveal sensitive information about individuals and their relatives.
Genome assembly: The computational reconstruction of longer DNA sequences from overlapping sequencing reads. Assembly turns fragmented reads into a genome-wide sequence.
Gene: A DNA sequence that contributes to a functional product, such as an RNA or protein. Genes are key functional units located and studied within genomes.
Precision medicine: Medical care tailored using individual characteristics, including genetic information. Genomic profiles can help guide risk assessment and treatment choices.
Frederick Sanger: A British biochemist who developed influential methods for sequencing proteins and DNA. Sanger sequencing enabled early large-scale DNA sequencing and genome projects.
Genetic discrimination: Unfair treatment based on actual or perceived genetic characteristics. Genomic findings can be misused in employment, insurance, or other decisions.

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