German occupation of Czechoslovakia

Nazi Germany occupied the Czech lands from March 1939 until the end of World War II in 1945, ruling them as the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia: The German-administered territory comprising Bohemia and Moravia from 1939 to 1945. It was the formal political framework for German rule over the Czech lands.
Munich Agreement: A 1938 agreement that permitted Germany to annex the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia. It weakened the state before Germany occupied the remaining Czech lands.
Emil Hácha: A Czech lawyer and politician who was president of Czechoslovakia and then state president under German occupation. His March 1939 meeting with Hitler preceded the German takeover.
Operation Anthropoid: The 1942 Czechoslovak operation that assassinated Reinhard Heydrich in Prague. The attack was the defining armed resistance action under occupation.
Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia: The persecution and murder of Jews in the German-occupied Czech lands during the Holocaust. Deportations from the protectorate destroyed Jewish communities across the Czech lands.
Reinhard Heydrich: A senior SS official who served as deputy Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia from 1941. His rule intensified terror and provoked the operation that killed him.
Sudetenland: A border region of Czechoslovakia with a large German-speaking population, annexed by Germany in 1938. Its transfer preceded the occupation and left Czechoslovakia strategically exposed.
Konstantin von Neurath: A German diplomat who served as Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia from 1939 to 1941. He was the first head of the protectorate’s German administration.
Lidice massacre: The destruction of the Czech village of Lidice by German forces in June 1942. German reprisals after Heydrich’s assassination made the village a symbol of occupation terror.
Theresienstadt concentration camp: A Nazi concentration camp and transit ghetto established in the former fortress town of Terezín. It served as a holding point for Jews deported from Bohemia and Moravia.

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