Gibberellin

Gibberellins are plant hormones that regulate growth, including stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering. They act through specific receptors and gene-regulatory pathways.

GID1: GID1 is a plant receptor that binds gibberellins and initiates their signaling pathway. Binding gibberellin lets GID1 recruit DELLA repressors for destruction.
Green Revolution: The Green Revolution was a period of agricultural change driven by high-yield crop varieties and intensified farming. Semidwarf wheat varieties with altered gibberellin response resisted lodging under heavy fertilizer use.
Bakanae disease: Bakanae disease is a rice disease caused by the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi, marked by abnormal seedling elongation. The disease’s exaggerated growth led researchers to isolate the fungal growth factor.
Abscisic acid: Abscisic acid is a plant hormone that regulates stress responses, seed dormancy, and stomatal closure. It often maintains seed dormancy where gibberellin promotes germination.
DELLA proteins: DELLA proteins are plant growth repressors that regulate responses to gibberellins and other signals. Gibberellin signaling promotes their degradation, releasing growth programs.
Rht-B1: Rht-B1 is a wheat gene whose semidwarfing alleles encode growth-repressing DELLA proteins. Its alleles helped create shorter, lodging-resistant wheat by weakening gibberellin responses.
Fusarium fujikuroi: Fusarium fujikuroi is a fungus that infects rice and produces gibberellins. Its gibberellin production causes the characteristic elongation associated with bakanae disease.
Auxin: Auxins are plant hormones that regulate cell elongation, developmental patterning, and directional growth. Auxin and gibberellin can cooperate to promote stem growth through distinct signaling pathways.
SCF ubiquitin ligase: SCF ubiquitin ligases mark selected proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The SCF complex targets gibberellin-bound DELLA proteins for removal.
Seedless grape: Seedless grapes are grape cultivars that develop fruit without mature seeds. Applied gibberellin enlarges berries and loosens clusters in some seedless grape cultivars.

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