Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, often in association with elevated pressure inside the eye. The damage can cause irreversible vision loss.

Aqueous humor: Aqueous humor is the clear fluid that fills the front portion of the eye and helps maintain its internal environment. Its production and outflow help determine intraocular pressure.
Tonometry: Tonometry is the measurement of pressure inside the eye. It helps assess a key glaucoma risk factor but cannot diagnose the disease alone.
Primary open-angle glaucoma: Primary open-angle glaucoma is a chronic glaucoma in which the drainage angle remains open while optic-nerve damage develops. It is a common form, often progressing without early symptoms.
Ocular hypertension: Ocular hypertension is elevated intraocular pressure without detectable glaucomatous optic-nerve damage. Pressure elevation alone is a risk state, not glaucoma.
Blindness: Blindness is severe or complete loss of vision, defined differently across clinical and legal settings. Advanced glaucoma can cause irreversible blindness.
Trabecular meshwork: The trabecular meshwork is a porous tissue near the cornea–iris junction through which aqueous humor drains. Resistance to drainage through this tissue can raise eye pressure.
Optical coherence tomography: Optical coherence tomography is an imaging technique that uses reflected light to produce detailed cross-sections of tissue. It measures retinal nerve-fiber and ganglion-cell layers affected by glaucoma.
Angle-closure glaucoma: Angle-closure glaucoma occurs when the iris obstructs aqueous humor drainage through the eye’s angle. A sudden closure can sharply raise pressure and require urgent treatment.
Glaucoma suspect: A glaucoma suspect has findings or risk factors that warrant monitoring but do not establish glaucoma. Suspicion can precede confirmed structural or visual-field damage.
Peripheral vision: Peripheral vision is vision outside the central point of focus. Its gradual loss can go unnoticed until glaucoma is advanced.

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