Goryeo

Goryeo was a Korean kingdom and dynasty that ruled most of the Korean Peninsula from 918 to 1392. Its name became the source of the modern name Korea.

Wang Geon: The founder and first king of Goryeo, who ruled from 918 to 943. He established Goryeo in 918 and consolidated the kingdom through alliances and military campaigns.
Goryeo government: The central and local institutions through which Goryeo's kings administered the kingdom. Its offices and administrative structure show how royal authority operated across the realm.
Tripitaka Koreana: A complete woodblock edition of the Buddhist canon carved in Korea in the thirteenth century. Goryeo commissioned it during the Mongol invasions as a religious appeal and monumental printing project.
Mongol invasions of Korea: A series of Mongol campaigns against Goryeo from 1231 to 1259, followed by decades of Mongol influence. The invasions devastated the kingdom and forced its court into a prolonged relationship with the Mongol empire.
Later Three Kingdoms: The late ninth- and early tenth-century division of Korea among Later Silla, Later Baekje, and Goryeo. Goryeo's founding and expansion unfolded during this period of competing Korean states.
Goryeo civil service examination: The examination system used to recruit officials into Goryeo's central bureaucracy. It offered a route into government service, though aristocratic families retained significant influence.
Goryeo celadon: Korean green-glazed stoneware produced especially during the Goryeo period. Its refined forms and inlaid decoration became a signature achievement of Goryeo craftsmanship.
Sambyeolcho Rebellion: A resistance movement against Mongol rule that continued in Korea from 1270 to 1273. Its defeat marked the end of organized resistance to Goryeo's accommodation with the Mongols.
Later Silla: The Korean kingdom that ruled the southeastern peninsula from 668 until its submission to Goryeo in 935. Its peaceful transfer of authority to Goryeo helped Wang Geon unify the peninsula.
Goryeo aristocracy: The hereditary elite families that held political, economic, and social power in Goryeo. Aristocratic lineages shaped appointments, court politics, and the distribution of land.

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