Grammatical category

A grammatical category is a class of distinctions, such as tense, number, or case, that languages express through word forms or constructions.

Grammatical feature: A property of a word or phrase, such as number or tense, that grammar represents with distinct values. A grammatical category groups the values of a feature, such as singular and plural.
Grammatical tense: A grammatical category locating a situation in time relative to a reference point, often the moment of speaking. Tense is a familiar category expressed through verb forms or constructions.
Grammaticalized gender: A gender system in which noun classes affect grammatical agreement or related forms. It contrasts grammatical gender with gender distinctions that exist only in meaning.
Typology: The comparative study of structural patterns and variation across languages. Typology compares which grammatical categories languages have and how they express them.
Grammatical value: One of the possible distinctions within a grammatical feature, such as past within tense. Values are the alternatives that make up a category.
Grammatical number: A grammatical category distinguishing quantities such as singular and plural. Number shows how a category can mark distinctions in nouns, pronouns, and agreement.
Lexical category: A class of words, such as nouns or verbs, defined by shared grammatical behavior and distribution. Word classes classify expressions; grammatical categories classify distinctions expressed within grammar.
Morphology: The study of word structure and the formation of words from meaningful parts. Morphology examines the forms that often realize grammatical distinctions.
Inflection: A change in a word’s form that expresses grammatical information without creating a new lexical item. Inflection is a common way languages mark grammatical categories.
Grammatical case: A grammatical category marking a noun phrase’s syntactic or semantic relation to other expressions. Case demonstrates how forms can encode a phrase’s role in a sentence.

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