Grande Coupure

The Grande Coupure was a major faunal turnover in Europe near the Eocene–Oligocene boundary, marked by the disappearance of many native mammals and the arrival of Asian immigrant lineages.

Eocene–Oligocene transition: A major global climate transition around 34 million years ago, from the warm Eocene to the cooler Oligocene. The Grande Coupure coincided with this boundary interval and its pronounced climatic cooling.
Eocene: A geological epoch lasting from about 56 to 34 million years ago. The Grande Coupure marks a major faunal change near the Eocene's end.
Quercy phosphorites: Fossil-rich phosphate deposits in southwestern France preserving diverse Paleogene vertebrates. Their mammal fossils document the faunal succession surrounding the Grande Coupure.
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event: A mass extinction about 66 million years ago that eliminated non-avian dinosaurs and many other organisms. Unlike this global mass extinction, the Grande Coupure was a later, regionally focused mammalian turnover.
Terminal Eocene Event: A marked episode of global cooling and environmental change near the end of the Eocene. Its climatic deterioration preceded or accompanied major losses among European mammals.
Oligocene: A geological epoch lasting from about 34 to 23 million years ago. The immigrant-rich European faunas following the turnover belong to the Oligocene.
Headon Hill Formation: A late Eocene to early Oligocene sedimentary formation on the Isle of Wight, England. Its fossil assemblages provide a British record across the turnover interval.
Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum: A brief episode of intense global warming about 56 million years ago. It offers a contrasting climate-driven faunal disturbance, marked by warming rather than cooling.
Grande Coupure immigration: The arrival in Europe of Asian mammal lineages during the Grande Coupure. Immigration from Asia supplied many of the new taxa that reshaped European faunas.
Paleogene: The geological period extending from about 66 to 23 million years ago. The Grande Coupure falls within the Paleogene's transition from the Eocene to Oligocene.

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