Knowra Graphene Graphene Graphene is a one-atom-thick sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Its unusual strength, electrical conductivity, and optical properties arise from this two-dimensional structure.
Hexagonal lattice : A repeating arrangement of points in which each point has six equidistant nearest neighbors. Carbon atoms occupy this pattern, giving graphene its distinctive geometry.
Carbon allotrope : A structural form of the element carbon with a distinct arrangement of its atoms. Graphene is one carbon allotrope, alongside forms built from sheets, cages, and networks.
Andre Geim : A physicist whose research includes the isolation and study of graphene. Geim co-led the experiments that isolated graphene and demonstrated its unusual properties.
Graphene oxide : An oxidized, chemically functionalized form of graphene-related carbon sheets that can be dispersed in water. Its processability makes it useful in coatings, composites, and membrane research.
Hexagonal boron nitride : A layered compound with a hexagonal lattice of alternating boron and nitrogen atoms, often used as an electrical insulator. Its similar lattice but insulating behavior makes it a useful substrate and contrast to graphene.
Electronic band structure : The allowed electron energy levels in a solid, represented as bands that vary with crystal momentum. Graphene’s bands meet at Dirac points, producing unusual charge-carrier behavior.
sp² hybridization : A bonding arrangement in which one s orbital and two p orbitals form three coplanar hybrid orbitals. Each graphene carbon uses sp² bonds to connect with three neighbors in the plane.
Konstantin Novoselov : A physicist known for experimental work on graphene and other two-dimensional materials. Novoselov co-led the 2004 graphene isolation experiments with Geim.
Graphene-based supercapacitor : An electrochemical capacitor that uses graphene or graphene-derived materials as an electrode component. Graphene’s large accessible surface area can support rapid charge storage.
Molybdenum disulfide : A layered transition-metal dichalcogenide that is semiconducting in its monolayer form. Unlike graphene, it has a band gap useful for switching electronic devices.
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