Grappling
Grappling is close-range fighting that uses holds, throws, pins, and joint or choke submissions to control or defeat an opponent.
Clinch: A close-contact position in which opponents grip or control each other while standing. Standing grappling often begins by establishing grips and control in the clinch.
Throw (grappling): A technique that uses leverage or momentum to bring an opponent to the ground from standing. Throws are a major way to initiate ground grappling from a standing exchange.
Brazilian jiu-jitsu: A martial art and combat sport emphasizing ground control, positional advancement, and submissions. It develops grappling through extended ground exchanges and submission attacks.
Striking: Combat techniques that attack an opponent with punches, kicks, elbows, knees, or other impacts. Striking attacks at distance, while grappling seeks contact and control.
Tapping out: A signal that a participant concedes or asks for a grappling action to stop. Tapping lets a competitor end a submission before serious injury occurs.
Takedown: A maneuver that brings an opponent from standing to the ground while maintaining control. Takedowns move grappling exchanges from standing into ground positions.
Pin (combat sport): A position that holds an opponent’s shoulders or body against the ground under a sport’s rules. Pins can decide matches even when no submission is attempted.
Judo: A Japanese martial art and Olympic sport centered on throws, pins, and submissions. Judo formalizes standing throws and selected ground techniques under sport rules.
Catch wrestling: A wrestling style that combines pins with submission holds, including joint locks. Its submission emphasis contrasts with wrestling rulesets focused primarily on takedowns and pins.
Choke-induced unconsciousness: Loss of consciousness caused by reduced blood flow to the brain during a choke. Blood chokes can cause rapid unconsciousness, making prompt release essential.