Greco-Italian War

The 1940–1941 conflict began with Italy’s invasion of Greece and ended after Greek resistance was overwhelmed by German intervention.

Italian invasion of Greece: Italy’s attack on Greece, launched from Albania on 28 October 1940. The invasion began the war and was repelled by Greek forces.
Italian invasion of Albania: Italy’s occupation of Albania in April 1939, which made it a base for expansion in the Balkans. Italian forces attacked Greece from Albania, which Italy had occupied the previous year.
Alexander Papagos: The Greek general who commanded the army during the war with Italy. His command helped coordinate Greek resistance and the counter-offensive.
Battle of Greece: The 1941 campaign in which German forces invaded Greece and defeated Greek and British defenders. This campaign followed directly from Italy’s failure to defeat Greece.
Battle of Pindus: A series of clashes in the Pindus Mountains during Italy’s initial invasion of Greece. Greek forces halted Italian advances in difficult mountain terrain.
Italian imperialism under Fascism: The expansionist policy pursued by Fascist Italy to build an empire around the Mediterranean and in Africa. The attack on Greece served Mussolini’s ambition to expand Italian power in the Balkans.
Pietro Badoglio: The Italian chief of the general staff when Italy invaded Greece in 1940. He opposed the invasion plan and later resigned after its early failures.
Balkan Campaign: The Axis invasions and occupations of Yugoslavia and Greece in 1941. The Greco-Italian conflict preceded Germany’s wider conquest of the Balkans.
Greek counter-offensive of 1940–1941: The Greek advance into Italian-occupied Albania after repelling Italy’s initial attack. It carried the fighting across the border and exposed Italy’s failure to conquer Greece.
Benito Mussolini: Italy’s Fascist dictator from 1922 until 1943. Mussolini ordered the invasion, seeking a military success independent of Germany.

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