Guido of Arezzo

Guido of Arezzo was an eleventh-century Italian music theorist and teacher who advanced staff notation and a syllable-based method for learning melodies.

Gregorian chant: A body of unaccompanied liturgical song used in the Western Christian church. The repertory Guido taught and helped singers learn more reliably.
Guidonian hand: A mnemonic diagram that maps musical pitches onto joints and points of a hand. It let teachers indicate pitches through a compact visual reference.
Micrologus: An influential treatise on music written by Guido of Arezzo in the eleventh century. It records Guido’s theoretical teaching and practical approach to music.
Staff notation: A system for representing musical pitches and durations through symbols arranged on horizontal lines and spaces. Guido’s staff practices helped establish the basis of Western written pitch notation.
Neumatic notation: A system of signs placed above text to indicate the shape of a sung melody. Its limited pitch guidance helps explain the need for Guido’s more precise staff.
Ut queant laxis: A Latin hymn whose successive phrases begin on ascending notes of the hexachord. Its phrase openings supplied the syllables used in Guido’s singing method.
Regulae rhythmicae: A verse treatise by Guido of Arezzo explaining aspects of musical teaching and notation. It presents some of the instructional principles associated with Guido.
Western staff notation: The conventional five-line notation system used for much Western music. Its pitch-oriented staff developed from earlier practices associated with Guido.
Medieval music theory: The study and teaching of musical sound in the European Middle Ages. Guido’s methods belong to this broader tradition of theory and pedagogy.
Solmization syllables: The pitch-learning syllables ut, re, mi, fa, sol, and la used in medieval solmization. They gave singers verbal cues for intervals within a hexachord.

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