Gunboat diplomacy

Gunboat diplomacy is the use or threat of naval force to pressure another state into political or economic concessions. It combines coercive military power with diplomatic demands.

Coercive diplomacy: A strategy that threatens or uses limited force to make an adversary change its behavior. Gunboat diplomacy is its maritime form, using naval power to compel concessions.
Perry Expedition: The 1853–1854 United States naval mission that pressured Japan to open ports to American ships. Commodore Perry's squadron used conspicuous naval power to secure negotiations and port access.
Sail-powered warship: A military vessel propelled primarily by sails, used in naval warfare before steam propulsion became dominant. Long-range sailing fleets enabled states to threaten distant coasts and trade routes.
Diplomacy: The conduct of relations between political entities through negotiation, representation, and other peaceful means. Gunboat diplomacy uses diplomatic channels while backing them with naval force.
Roosevelt Corollary: A 1904 addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting a United States role in intervening in Latin American states. It framed intervention as a response to European debt-collection threats in the Venezuelan crisis.
Naval blockade: The interdiction of maritime traffic to restrict access to a coast or port. A blockade can make naval pressure tangible by disrupting trade and supplies.
Don Pacifico affair: An 1850 dispute in which Britain blockaded Greek ports to compel compensation for David Pacifico. The blockade made a private claim the subject of coercive interstate diplomacy.
Steamship: A vessel propelled by a steam engine rather than relying primarily on wind. Steam power let warships arrive on schedule and operate independently of favorable winds.
Economic sanctions: Restrictions on trade, finance, or other economic relations imposed to influence a target's behavior. Sanctions exert economic pressure without requiring warships to threaten force at sea.
Monroe Doctrine: A United States policy announced in 1823 opposing further European colonization or intervention in the Americas. European naval coercion in the hemisphere repeatedly tested the doctrine's practical meaning.

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