Gymnotiformes

Gymnotiformes is an order of mostly freshwater fishes native to Central and South America. Many species generate weak electric fields for sensing and communication; the order also includes the strongly electric electric eel.

Ostariophysi: Ostariophysi is a major group of ray-finned fishes that includes catfishes, carps, and gymnotiforms. Gymnotiformes belongs to this larger group, whose members share distinctive anatomical traits.
Electric fish: Electric fish generate or detect electrical fields using specialized organs or sensory systems. Gymnotiformes is one of the principal groups of electric fishes.
Electrophorus electricus: Electrophorus electricus is one of three recognized species of electric eel, native to the Amazon basin. It is the best-known member of Gymnotiformes and exemplifies powerful electric hunting.
Carl Linnaeus: Carl Linnaeus was an eighteenth-century Swedish naturalist who established the binomial system of biological naming. His classification placed the electric eel among fishes before Gymnotiformes was recognized as an order.
Jürgen W. K. Heiligenberg: Jürgen W. K. Heiligenberg was a neuroethologist who studied electric-fish behavior and sensory processing. His work used gymnotiforms to connect electric signaling with neural computation.
Teleost: Teleosts are the largest and most diverse group of ray-finned fishes, with highly mobile jaws and a largely ossified skeleton. Gymnotiformes is one order within this broader radiation of fishes.
Electric organ discharge: An electric organ discharge is the electrical signal produced by an electric fish's electric organ. Weak discharges let many gymnotiforms sense surroundings and exchange signals.
Electrophorus voltai: Electrophorus voltai is an electric eel species from the Brazilian Shield, described in 2019. Its exceptionally high measured discharge illustrates variation within the electric-eel lineage.
Johann Jakob Kaup: Johann Jakob Kaup was a German zoologist who described and classified numerous fishes in the nineteenth century. His taxonomic work helped establish names and groupings for knifefishes.
Neuroethology: Neuroethology studies the neural mechanisms underlying natural animal behavior. Gymnotiform electric signaling offers measurable links between neural activity and behavior.

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