Hasmonean dynasty

The Hasmonean dynasty was a Jewish ruling house that governed Judea from the second to the first century BCE, gaining power through revolt against Seleucid rule.

Maccabean Revolt: A Jewish uprising against Seleucid rule in Judea, beginning in 167 BCE. The revolt launched by the Hasmonean family created the opening for their rule.
John Hyrcanus: A Hasmonean ruler who expanded Judean territory and strengthened the dynasty in the late second century BCE. His reign turned the revolt’s gains into a durable territorial state.
Alexander Jannaeus: A Hasmonean king and high priest who ruled Judea from 103 to 76 BCE. His conquests and civil conflict marked the dynasty’s greatest territorial reach and growing internal strain.
Herodian dynasty: A ruling family that governed Judea and neighboring territories under Roman authority from the first century BCE. The Herodians succeeded the Hasmoneans, ruling through Roman backing rather than an independent Judean monarchy.
Antiochus IV Epiphanes: A Seleucid king whose policies and actions in Judea helped provoke the Maccabean Revolt. His intervention in Judea set the revolt that brought the dynasty to power in motion.
Aristobulus I: A Hasmonean ruler who assumed the title of king in the late second century BCE. His kingship made explicit the dynasty’s shift from priestly leadership to monarchy.
Salome Alexandra: A Hasmonean queen who ruled Judea from 76 to 67 BCE. Her reign was the dynasty’s last period of relative stability before succession conflict.
Roman Judea: The territory of Judea under Roman political control, beginning in the first century BCE. Roman dominance replaced the independent state the Hasmoneans had built.
Mattathias: A Jewish priest whose resistance to Seleucid religious measures began the Maccabean revolt. He initiated the family’s rebellion before his son Judas led its military campaigns.
High Priest of Israel: The chief priestly office responsible for leading worship at the Jerusalem Temple in ancient Israel and Judea. Hasmonean rulers often combined this religious office with political power.

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