Henry Kissinger

Henry Kissinger was an American diplomat and political scientist who served as national security advisor and secretary of state under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford.

Nixon's opening to China: The diplomatic initiative that brought the United States and the People's Republic of China toward rapprochement in the early 1970s. Kissinger secretly visited Beijing in 1971, preparing Nixon's historic 1972 trip.
Cambodian campaign: The U.S. bombing and ground operations in Cambodia during the Vietnam War, including the 1969–1970 secret bombing campaign. Kissinger helped direct the secret bombing, whose civilian costs and legality remain contested.
Richard Nixon: The 37th president of the United States, who served from 1969 until his resignation in 1974. Nixon appointed Kissinger national security advisor and made him a central foreign-policy partner.
National Security Council: A U.S. executive-branch body that coordinates national security and foreign policy for the president. Kissinger led the council's staff as national security advisor and centralized policy coordination.
Diplomatic history: The study of relations, negotiations, and agreements among states and political actors. Historians assess Kissinger through both negotiated settlements and the consequences of secret policy.
Détente: A relaxation of tensions between rival states, especially between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Kissinger pursued reduced U.S.–Soviet tensions through diplomacy and arms agreements.
1973 Chilean coup d'état: The military coup that overthrew Chilean president Salvador Allende and brought Augusto Pinochet to power. Kissinger supported U.S. efforts to undermine Allende's government before the coup.
Gerald Ford: The 38th president of the United States, who served from 1974 to 1977. Ford retained Kissinger as secretary of state after Nixon resigned.
United States Department of State: The U.S. federal department responsible for diplomacy and relations with foreign governments. As secretary of state, Kissinger directed the department alongside his earlier national security role.
War crime: A serious violation of the laws and customs of war that entails individual criminal responsibility. Debates over Kissinger's responsibility turn partly on whether policies violated the laws of war.

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