Henry Morgenthau Sr.

Henry Morgenthau Sr. was United States ambassador to the Ottoman Empire from 1913 to 1916. His reports and memoir documented the persecution and deportation of Armenians during the First World War.

Talaat Pasha: Mehmed Talaat Pasha was an Ottoman statesman and a leading figure in the wartime government. Morgenthau confronted Talaat over the deportations while serving as ambassador.
Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story: Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story is Henry Morgenthau Sr.’s 1918 memoir of his diplomatic service in the Ottoman Empire. The memoir brought his eyewitness account of Ottoman persecution to a broad American audience.
Armenian genocide: The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Ottoman Empire’s Armenian population during the First World War. The deportations and mass killings Morgenthau reported are central to its historical documentation.
Arnold J. Toynbee: Arnold J. Toynbee was a British historian who helped compile documentary evidence about the treatment of Armenians during the First World War. Toynbee assembled evidence as a historian, whereas Morgenthau reported as a serving diplomat.
Enver Pasha: Enver Pasha was an Ottoman military officer and politician who helped lead the wartime government. Morgenthau’s accounts describe the Ottoman leadership responsible for wartime policies.
United States Embassy in Constantinople: The United States Embassy in Constantinople was the principal American diplomatic mission in the Ottoman capital. Morgenthau sent reports about the deportations from this embassy.
United States humanitarian aid to Armenians: United States humanitarian aid to Armenians was a campaign of American fundraising and relief during and after the First World War. Morgenthau’s public appeals helped draw attention to the need for relief.
Blue Book: The Blue Book is a 1916 British government compilation of documents concerning the treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire. It presented documentary evidence parallel to Morgenthau’s personal and diplomatic accounts.
Henry Morgenthau Jr.: Henry Morgenthau Jr. was an American public official who served as secretary of the treasury from 1934 to 1945. Morgenthau’s son later held a prominent role in the Roosevelt administration.
Morgenthau Mission: The Morgenthau Mission was a 1915 American humanitarian initiative that sought relief for Armenians facing deportation and mass violence. It connected Morgenthau’s diplomatic position with organized efforts to raise aid.

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