Hōjō Tokimune

Hōjō Tokimune (1251–1284) was the eighth shikken, or regent, of Japan’s Kamakura shogunate. He directed the government during Kublai Khan’s attempted invasions of Japan in 1274 and 1281.

Hōjō Masamura: A Hōjō clan leader who served as the seventh shikken of the Kamakura shogunate from 1264 to 1268. Tokimune succeeded Masamura as shikken in 1268.
Mongol invasions of Japan: Two Yuan-led expeditions against Japan in 1274 and 1281 that were repelled by Japanese forces and storms. These campaigns defined Tokimune’s regency and its military response.
Hōjō clan: A samurai family that controlled the Kamakura shogunate through the office of shikken for much of its history. Tokimune’s authority came from his position in the clan that dominated the regency.
Kamikaze: The Japanese term for the storms that helped destroy or disperse Mongol fleets during the invasions of 1274 and 1281. Later accounts credited the storms with helping secure the victories during Tokimune’s rule.
Hōjō Sadatoki: The ninth shikken of the Kamakura shogunate, who succeeded his father Tokimune in 1284. His succession continued the regency Tokimune had led through the invasions.
Hakata Bay: A bay in northern Kyushu that was the principal landing area for the Mongol forces in both invasions. The shogunate concentrated defenses where the invaders attempted to come ashore.
Shikken: The regent of the Kamakura shogunate, a position that became the effective center of political power under the Hōjō. Tokimune held this office from 1268 until his death.
Shōni clan: A Kyushu samurai clan that held regional authority and fought in the defense against the Mongol invasions. Its regional role illustrates the military networks mobilized by the shogunate.
Kublai Khan: The Mongol emperor who founded China’s Yuan dynasty and ordered invasions of Japan in 1274 and 1281. Tokimune’s government faced Kublai’s demands and invasion forces.
Genkō Bōrui: A stone defensive wall built along parts of Hakata Bay after the 1274 Mongol invasion. Its construction shows how Tokimune’s government prepared for a renewed attack.

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