Human Genome Project

The Human Genome Project was an international research program that mapped and sequenced human DNA, producing a reference sequence and concluding in 2003.

DNA sequencing: DNA sequencing determines the order of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule. The project depended on methods for reading DNA base by base.
Frederick Sanger: Frederick Sanger was a British biochemist who developed influential methods for sequencing proteins and DNA. His chain-termination method made large-scale DNA sequencing practical.
Francis Collins: Francis Collins is an American geneticist who directed the U.S. National Human Genome Research Institute. He led the public consortium through much of the project's sequencing phase.
Genome-wide association study: A genome-wide association study tests genetic variants across many people for statistical links to traits or disease. A reference genome enabled systematic searches for disease-associated variants.
Celera Genomics: Celera Genomics was a private biotechnology company that sequenced the human genome using whole-genome shotgun methods. Celera's parallel effort challenged the public consortium's approach and claims.
Whole-genome shotgun sequencing: A sequencing strategy that reads many random DNA fragments and assembles them computationally. Celera used this approach against the project's map-based sequencing strategy.
Sanger sequencing: A DNA sequencing method that uses chain-terminating nucleotide analogues to determine base order. It was the principal sequencing method used during the project.
Craig Venter: Craig Venter is an American biotechnologist who founded Celera Genomics and promoted rapid genome sequencing. His company created a high-profile competitor to the public sequencing effort.
Personalized medicine: Personalized medicine tailors prevention or treatment using characteristics of an individual, including genetic information. The project helped make genomic information a proposed guide to medical decisions.
Public domain: The public domain is a body of creative or informational material not protected by exclusive intellectual-property rights. The public consortium placed its sequence data in a freely accessible domain.

Linked from 29 pages