Linked from

The 13 pages that link to Hund's rules, each with the reason it gives.

• Electron configurationRelated: It predicts occupancy within a degenerate subshell such as p or d.

• Molecular orbital theoryRelated: It determines the occupancy of equal-energy molecular orbitals.

• Aufbau principleRelated: It determines how electrons fill equal-energy orbitals within a subshell.

• ParamagnetismRelated: They help determine the number of unpaired electrons in an atom or ion.

• Exchange interactionRelated: Exchange energy helps favor maximum spin in partially filled subshells.

• 4f orbitalRelated: They predict the ground-state angular momentum of partially filled 4f subshells.

• d-blockRelated: It describes how electrons fill the five orbitals within a d subshell.

• Periodic table blocksRelated: It describes occupancy within the subshells that define block membership.

• 4f electronRelated: They predict how multiple 4f electrons arrange their spins and angular momenta.

• GadoliniumRelated: They account for gadolinium’s stable half-filled 4f subshell and large magnetic moment.

• Triplet oxygenRelated: It accounts for the parallel spins in oxygen’s partially filled antibonding orbitals.

• Atomic propertiesRelated: It refines predictions of electron arrangements and atomic magnetic behavior.