Hungarian Soviet Republic

A communist state that governed most of Hungary from March to August 1919. Led by Béla Kun, it emerged amid postwar territorial crisis and was defeated after Romanian forces invaded.

Béla Kun: A Hungarian communist politician who led the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919. As foreign commissar, Kun became the republic’s dominant political leader.
Aster Revolution: The Hungarian revolution of October 1918 that ended the Habsburg monarchy’s rule in Hungary. Its democratic government preceded the communist takeover by only a few months.
Miklós Horthy: A Hungarian admiral and conservative leader who governed Hungary as regent from 1920 to 1944. He became the leading figure of the counterrevolutionary order that followed the republic.
Sándor Garbai: A Hungarian Social Democratic politician who formally headed the Revolutionary Governing Council in 1919. Garbai held the council’s chairmanship while Kun exercised greater political influence.
Hungarian Red Army: The armed forces organized by the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919. Its campaigns briefly recovered territory before military reversals weakened the regime.
Hungarian Democratic Republic: The republic established in Hungary in November 1918 under Mihály Károlyi. Its inability to resist territorial losses helped discredit the liberal government.
Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946): The Hungarian state that existed between the monarchy’s restoration in 1920 and the republic’s establishment in 1946. Its political order was established after the Soviet Republic’s defeat.
Tibor Szamuely: A Hungarian communist revolutionary and government official during the Soviet Republic. He became closely associated with its coercive enforcement and revolutionary tribunals.
Hungarian–Romanian War: The 1919 conflict between Hungary and Romania, fought amid disputes over postwar borders. Romanian advances culminated in the occupation of Budapest and the republic’s fall.
Mihály Károlyi: A Hungarian politician who led the postwar Hungarian government from 1918 to 1919. His government transferred power to socialists and communists in March 1919.

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