Identity document

An identity document is an official credential used to establish or verify a person's identity. It may be issued by a government or another authorized body and can support access to services, travel, or legal rights.

Personal identification number: A numeric or alphanumeric code assigned to identify a person within a system. Some identity documents carry a stable number that links the credential to official records.
Passport: A government-issued travel document that identifies its holder and requests protection or passage abroad. It is the standard identity document for crossing international borders.
Document examination: Inspection of a document's physical or digital features to assess authenticity and integrity. Examiners check security features, printing, and signs of alteration.
Digital identity: The collection of information and credentials representing a person in digital contexts. A document is one possible component of a person's broader digital identity.
Digital identity system: An organized technical and institutional framework for identifying people in digital services. Digitized credentials can make identity checks part of everyday online access.
Biometrics: The measurement and statistical analysis of biological or behavioral traits for identification. Fingerprints or facial features can bind a document to its bearer.
National identity card: A government-issued card that records a person's identity, often for domestic use. Many countries use it as a general-purpose proof of identity within their borders.
Machine-readable zone: A standardized text area on travel documents designed for optical scanning. It encodes key passport data in a format automated border systems can read.
Self-sovereign identity: An approach to digital identity that gives individuals substantial control over credentials and their sharing. It contrasts centralized document issuance with user-controlled credential management.
Privacy: The ability to control access to personal information and private life. Documents can expose personal data beyond what a particular transaction needs.

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