Indian Armed Forces

The military forces of India, comprising the Indian Army, Indian Navy, and Indian Air Force, under civilian control and responsible for national defense.

Indian Army: India’s land-warfare service, responsible for operations on land and for defending the country’s land borders. It is the largest service and the principal force for land operations.
British Indian Army: The military force recruited in India and maintained by the British colonial government before independence. It provided much of the institutional inheritance of the post-independence Army.
Kargil War: The 1999 armed conflict in the Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir between India and Pakistan. It tested high-altitude land warfare and air support under nuclear-era constraints.
Pakistan Armed Forces: The military forces of Pakistan, comprising its army, navy, and air force. They are India’s principal neighboring military rival and have fought several wars with India.
Civilian control of the military: The principle that elected civilian authorities direct and oversee a country’s armed forces. India’s military operates under the elected government rather than governing as a political institution.
Indian Navy: India’s maritime military service, responsible for naval operations and protecting the country’s maritime interests. It extends national defense into the Indian Ocean and surrounding seas.
Partition of India: The 1947 division of British India into the independent states of India and Pakistan, accompanied by mass displacement and violence. Partition divided personnel and military assets while creating an immediate security crisis.
Operation Vijay (1999): The Indian military operation to evict Pakistani forces from positions in the Kargil sector in 1999. It names the Indian campaign within the Kargil War.
People's Liberation Army: The armed forces of the People’s Republic of China, organized under the Chinese Communist Party’s Central Military Commission. It is the military counterpart across India’s contested Himalayan frontier.
Line of Control: The military control line separating Indian- and Pakistani-administered parts of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. Indian forces maintain deployments along this major and frequently tense frontier.

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