Indian National Congress

The Indian National Congress is a political party founded in 1885 that became the principal organization leading India’s movement for independence from British rule.

Allan Octavian Hume: A British civil servant in India who helped establish the Indian National Congress in 1885. He organized the first Congress session and helped turn the idea of a national political body into an institution.
Mahatma Gandhi: An Indian political and spiritual leader who mobilized mass nonviolent resistance against British rule. His campaigns reshaped Congress strategy and brought millions into anti-colonial politics.
Non-cooperation movement: A mass campaign launched by Gandhi and Congress in 1920 to withdraw cooperation from British institutions. It showed how Congress could turn nonviolent noncooperation into a nationwide political campaign.
Indian independence: The end of British rule and emergence of independent India on 15 August 1947. Congress led the new government after decades of campaigning for independence.
Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee: An Indian lawyer and politician who became the first president of the Indian National Congress. His presidency at the 1885 founding session marked the party’s start.
Jawaharlal Nehru: An Indian independence leader who served as the country’s first prime minister from 1947 to 1964. He led Congress’s socialist and secular currents and became its foremost leader at independence.
Civil disobedience movement: A campaign of deliberate lawbreaking against British rule, launched in 1930 with Gandhi’s Salt March. Congress used public defiance of colonial laws to challenge British authority and attract mass participation.
Partition of India: The 1947 division of British India into the independent states of India and Pakistan. Congress leaders accepted partition amid political deadlock, with consequences of mass displacement and violence.
Indian Councils Act 1892: A British law that modestly expanded legislative councils in India and allowed limited indirect representation. Congress pressed for representative institutions, while the act exposed the narrow limits of early reform.
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel: An Indian independence leader and statesman who served as deputy prime minister after independence. His organizing and leadership helped build Congress’s electoral and administrative strength.

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