Indo-Gangetic Plain

The Indo-Gangetic Plain is a vast alluvial lowland across Pakistan, northern India, and Bangladesh, built mainly from sediment deposited by the Indus, Ganges, and their tributaries.

Indus River: A major South Asian river flowing from Tibet through Pakistan to the Arabian Sea. Its tributaries built the western part of the plain.
Fluvial processes: The erosion, transport, and deposition of sediment by rivers and streams. These processes create and modify the plain’s landforms.
Indo-Gangetic agriculture: The intensive cultivation of crops across the alluvial lowlands of South Asia. Fertile soils and irrigation support major crop-producing regions here.
Indo-Gangetic smog: A recurring regional haze over the Indo-Gangetic region caused by fine particles and other pollutants. Winter weather can trap emissions close to the plain’s surface.
Ganges: A major river of South Asia that flows from the Himalayas across northern India and Bangladesh. Its sediment and tributaries shape the central and eastern plain.
River delta: A landform formed where a river deposits sediment as it enters a standing body of water. The Ganges–Brahmaputra delta is the plain’s seaward continuation.
Green Revolution in India: A mid-twentieth-century rise in Indian crop yields driven by high-yield seeds, irrigation, and chemical inputs. Its early gains were concentrated in irrigated parts of the northern plain.
Particulate matter: A mixture of tiny solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in air. Fine particles in the region’s haze harm health and reduce visibility.
Brahmaputra: A major transboundary river that flows from Tibet through India into Bangladesh. Its lower course joins the Ganges system across the eastern plain.
Floodplain: Low, flat land beside a river that is periodically inundated during floods. Floodwaters spread sediment across broad parts of the plain.

Linked from 9 pages