Knowra Indo-Greek Kingdom Indo-Greek Kingdom A Hellenistic kingdom ruled by Greek dynasties in parts of present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northern India from the second to first centuries BCE.
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom : A Hellenistic kingdom centered in Bactria, independent of the Seleucid Empire from the mid-third century BCE. Its rulers’ southward expansion established Greek power beyond the Hindu Kush.
Menander I : An Indo-Greek king of the second century BCE, known from coins and the Buddhist text Milinda Pañha. His reign is the best-documented example of Indo-Greek kingship and Buddhist engagement.
Indo-Greek coinage : The bilingual and often bilingual-script coins issued by Greek rulers in Central and South Asia. Coins reveal kings’ names, titles, political claims, and the reach of their authority.
Heliodorus pillar : A second-century BCE stone pillar at Besnagar, erected by the Greek envoy Heliodorus and dedicated to Vasudeva. Its inscription documents an Indo-Greek diplomatic mission and a Greek devotee of Vasudeva.
Indo-Scythian Kingdom : A collection of territories ruled by Saka dynasties in parts of Central and South Asia from the second century BCE onward. Saka rulers displaced or absorbed Indo-Greek territories as Greek dynastic power declined.
Seleucid Empire : A Hellenistic empire founded by Seleucus I, stretching across much of western Asia after Alexander the Great’s death. The eastern territories later associated with Indo-Greek rule emerged from Seleucid-era imperial divisions.
Apollodotus I : An Indo-Greek king of the second century BCE whose coinage circulated widely in northwestern India. His issues provide evidence for Greek rule in Indian territories.
Kharosthi script : An ancient script used mainly in Gandhara and northwestern South Asia, written from right to left. Its appearance alongside Greek on coins shows how rulers addressed local populations.
Bilingual coinage : Coinage bearing inscriptions in two languages, often used to communicate authority across linguistic communities. Greek and local-language legends made royal currency legible across the kingdom’s diverse regions.
Indo-Parthian Kingdom : A kingdom ruled by Indo-Parthian dynasties in parts of present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northwestern India. It succeeded Indo-Greek and Indo-Scythian powers in parts of the region.
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