Interkosmos

Interkosmos was a Soviet space program that enabled astronauts from allied and other countries to fly on Soviet missions. Its crewed flights began in 1978 and included participants from 12 countries.

Interkosmos crewed missions: Soviet crewed spaceflights that carried cosmonauts from countries participating in Interkosmos. These missions were the program’s most visible way of placing foreign participants in orbit.
Soviet space program: The state-directed Soviet effort to develop launch vehicles, spacecraft, satellites, and human spaceflight. Interkosmos operated within Soviet space institutions and relied on their missions and technology.
Vladimír Remek: Czech cosmonaut who became the first person in space from a country other than the Soviet Union or United States. His 1978 flight on Soyuz 28 inaugurated the crewed Interkosmos missions.
Interkosmos satellites: Soviet scientific satellites developed or operated through international cooperation under the Interkosmos program. These spacecraft formed a major part of the program before and alongside its crewed missions.
Space diplomacy: The use of space activities and cooperation to pursue diplomatic goals and international relationships. Interkosmos turned access to Soviet missions into a tool of international engagement.
Interkosmos cosmonaut selection: The process by which participating countries nominated candidates for Soviet cosmonaut training and flights. National nominations determined who entered the program’s training pipeline.
Interkosmos Council: The Soviet-led body that coordinated international cooperation in space research under the Interkosmos framework. Its institutional work provided the framework from which the crewed program developed.
Bertalan Farkas: Hungarian cosmonaut who flew aboard Soyuz 36 to the Salyut 6 space station in 1980. His flight was Hungary’s first crewed space mission under Interkosmos.
Magion satellites: A series of small Czech-built scientific satellites launched in cooperation with Soviet spacecraft. They show how Interkosmos supported partner-built instruments and independent satellite research.
Czechoslovakia in space: Czechoslovakia’s participation in space research and human spaceflight, including Vladimír Remek’s 1978 mission. Remek’s flight gave the country an enduring place in the history of crewed spaceflight.

Linked from 7 pages