Comecon

Comecon was a Soviet-led organization that coordinated economic cooperation among socialist countries from 1949 until its dissolution in 1991.

Intra-Bloc Trade: Trade conducted among countries belonging to the same political or economic bloc. Comecon members coordinated exchanges of raw materials, machinery, and other goods within the socialist bloc.
Marshall Plan: A United States program that provided economic aid to rebuild Western European countries after World War II. The Soviet Union rejected the plan and opposed Eastern European participation, sharpening the division Comecon reflected.
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance Integrated Programme: A 1971 Comecon plan calling for deeper economic integration and cooperation among member states. It set out an ambitious attempt to coordinate national economies more closely.
European Economic Community: A Western European organization founded in 1957 to create a common market among its member states. It pursued Western European integration through a common market rather than Comecon's negotiated socialist cooperation.
Dissolution of the Soviet Union: The breakup of the Soviet Union into fifteen independent states in 1991. The Soviet Union's collapse coincided with and reinforced the disintegration of the organization it had led.
Bilateral Trade Agreement: An agreement between two countries setting terms for trade between them. Comecon trade was largely organized through agreements negotiated between pairs of member states.
Molotov Plan: A Soviet program of bilateral trade agreements and aid for Eastern European countries beginning in 1947. Its bilateral economic arrangements preceded and helped prepare the way for Comecon.
Druzhba Pipeline: A pipeline system built to transport Soviet oil to countries in Central and Eastern Europe. It made Soviet energy supplies a concrete foundation of economic ties among Comecon members.
European Coal and Steel Community: A 1951 organization that pooled coal and steel production among six Western European countries. Its sectoral institutions offered a Western model of integration distinct from Comecon's intergovernmental coordination.
Post-Communist Transition: The political and economic shift from communist rule and central planning to new systems after 1989. Former members had to replace Comecon trade arrangements while restructuring their economies.

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