Interrupt

An interrupt is a signal that prompts a processor to suspend its current instruction stream and handle an event, then typically resume the interrupted work.

Interrupt request: A signal requesting that a processor handle an event by executing interrupt-handling code. It is the request that initiates the interrupt sequence.
Exception (computing): A synchronous event raised by a processor while executing an instruction, often because of an error or special condition. Unlike an external interrupt, an exception arises from the instruction currently being executed.
Programmable interrupt controller: A hardware controller that collects, prioritizes, and routes interrupt requests to a processor. It coordinates requests from multiple devices before they reach the processor.
Polling (computer science): A method in which software repeatedly checks a device or condition to discover whether it needs attention. Polling detects events by repeated checks instead of interrupt signals.
Interrupt vector: An address or table entry that identifies the handler for a particular interrupt. The processor uses it to locate the code that handles an interrupt.
Hardware interrupt: An interrupt signal generated by hardware, such as a timer, network device, or keyboard controller. It is the common device-originated form of the concept.
Timer interrupt: An interrupt generated by a hardware timer when a programmed interval expires. It lets an operating system regain control at regular intervals.
Non-maskable interrupt: A high-priority interrupt that ordinary processor masking cannot disable. It contrasts with maskable requests because critical events must still be delivered.
Interrupt handler: A routine that runs in response to an interrupt and performs the required service or response. It is the code executed while the processor handles the event.
Software interrupt: An interrupt deliberately triggered by software to request a service or transfer control. Programs can initiate interrupt handling explicitly rather than waiting for a device.

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