Iran nuclear program

Iran’s nuclear activities include civilian research, electricity generation, uranium enrichment, and fuel-cycle work. Their scale and safeguards history have raised international concerns about possible weapons development.

Uranium enrichment: A process that increases the proportion of uranium-235 in uranium. Iran’s enrichment capacity is central to disputes over the program’s intended limits.
Atoms for Peace: A United States initiative promoting civilian nuclear technology beginning in 1953. It helped establish the international framework through which Iran first acquired nuclear cooperation.
Ali Khamenei: Iran’s supreme leader since 1989 and the country’s highest political authority. His policy decisions shape the strategic boundaries of Iran’s nuclear diplomacy.
Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action: The 2015 agreement that placed limits and monitoring requirements on Iran’s nuclear program. It set detailed restrictions on enrichment, stockpiles, and inspections.
Natanz Nuclear Facility: An Iranian site housing uranium-enrichment facilities and related nuclear infrastructure. Natanz became a major declared center of Iran’s centrifuge enrichment.
Iran–United States relations: The political and diplomatic relationship between Iran and the United States. Revolution and subsequent hostility transformed cooperation into a security dispute.
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad: Iranian president from 2005 to 2013 during a period of expanded enrichment activity. His presidency coincided with sharp escalation in international disputes over enrichment.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231: A 2015 Security Council resolution endorsing the nuclear agreement and setting related measures. It embedded the agreement in the UN framework and addressed sanctions provisions.
Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant: An underground Iranian facility used for uranium enrichment near Qom. Its location and enrichment activities intensified questions about the program’s purpose.
Iranian Revolution: The 1979 revolution that ended Iran’s monarchy and established the Islamic Republic. The revolution interrupted earlier nuclear plans and changed the program’s political context.

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