Linked from

The 81 pages that link to Irony, each with the reason it gives.

• OxymoronRelated: Oxymorons can create irony, but irony does not require a verbal contradiction.

• Parables of JesusRelated: Reversals in status and expectation give several parables their force.

• Paul de ManRelated: His account of irony emphasizes an unbridgeable gap between linguistic sign and intended meaning.

• Poetic justiceNarrower topic: Poetic justice often sharpens a moral reversal through an outcome that contradicts expectation.

• The Man Without QualitiesRelated: Irony lets the novel scrutinize its characters’ ideals without replacing them with simple answers.

• William Makepeace ThackerayRelated: Thackeray uses verbal and situational irony to puncture characters’ claims to virtue.

• Anatole FranceRelated: France uses restrained irony to expose the gap between public ideals and human motives.

• Isaac BabelRelated: Babel’s narrators can admire revolutionary ideals while recounting acts that undermine them.

• Literary deviceRelated: The gap between appearance and reality can shape a work’s tone and interpretation.

• PejorativeRelated: Irony can reverse an expression’s apparent evaluation, though it does not erase its conventional force.

• Bielefeld conspiracyRelated: The claim’s literal impossibility signals a meaning opposite to sincere denial.

• Eça de QueirósRelated: His narrators use irony to reveal the gap between public virtue and private conduct.

• George MeredithRelated: Meredith’s narrators expose characters’ self-deceptions without simply stating a moral.

• I Am a CatRelated: The gap between the cat’s grand judgments and human behavior drives much of the novel’s humor.

• In Praise of FollyRelated: Folly's self-praise lets Erasmus condemn the vices she appears to celebrate.

• Infinite JestRelated: The novel treats irony as both a defense against sincerity and a barrier to intimacy.

• MetamodernismRelated: Metamodern works use irony without letting it cancel emotional commitment.

• Mikhail Saltykov-ShchedrinRelated: His narrators can praise authority in language that exposes its failures.

• Sentimental EducationRelated: The distance between Frédéric’s grand hopes and small choices produces the novel’s recurring irony.

• The Education of Henry AdamsRelated: Adams’s self-deprecating narrator undercuts the authority of a conventional life story.

• The History of Tom Jones, a FoundlingRelated: The narrator’s judgments often complicate the gap between Tom’s intentions and his consequences.

• The ScholarsRelated: The gap between professed virtue and actual conduct drives much of the novel’s comedy.

• Zeno's ConscienceRelated: The gap between Zeno’s explanations and his behavior supplies much of the novel’s comedy.

• Anita BrooknerRelated: Dry irony exposes the mismatch between her characters’ romantic ideals and their circumstances.

• Carlos Drummond de AndradeRelated: His ironic voice often undercuts certainty and exposes tensions in ordinary experience.

• Ilf and PetrovRelated: Their narration often lets official claims collide with characters’ practical motives.

• Meta-communicationCompared with: Irony depends on cues that tell listeners not to take words literally.

• NasreddinRelated: The gap between Nasreddin’s literal words and their implication creates many punch lines.

• Tristan CorbièreRelated: Corbière’s speakers repeatedly puncture romantic and literary poses with irony.

• Vũ Trọng PhụngRelated: His narratorial distance lets respectable language reveal disreputable motives.

• Yevgeny BaratynskyRelated: Irony helps expose the limits of confidence in reason and social progress.