Islam in Egypt

Islam in Egypt encompasses the religious life, institutions, scholarship, and political history of Muslim communities in the country, shaped by diverse traditions and changing states.

Muslim conquest of Egypt: The seventh-century Arab-Muslim campaign that ended Byzantine rule in Egypt. It began the long process through which Muslim political authority took root in Egypt.
Sunni Islam: The largest branch of Islam, grounded in the Quran, the Prophet’s Sunna, and multiple schools of law. Most Egyptian Muslims identify with Sunni Islam.
Ministry of Awqaf (Egypt): An Egyptian government ministry responsible for managing religious endowments and supervising many mosques. It administers mosque property and regulates much of the official preaching system.
Muslim Brotherhood: An Islamist movement founded in Egypt in 1928 by Hassan al-Banna. Its organization and political influence made Islam a major language of modern Egyptian public debate.
Al-Azhar University: A Cairo-based Islamic university and scholarly institution that developed from the Fatimid-era Al-Azhar mosque. Its scholars and leaders negotiate religious authority amid state influence and social change.
Amr ibn al-As: An Arab commander who led the conquest of Egypt and founded Fustat. His campaigns established the first Muslim government in Egypt.
Shafi'i school: One of the four major Sunni schools of Islamic jurisprudence, founded by Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i. It became a prominent legal tradition in Egypt and shaped local religious scholarship.
Dar al-Ifta al-Misriyyah: Egypt’s state institution for issuing religious opinions under the Grand Mufti. Its fatwas address questions of worship, law, and contemporary public life.
Hassan al-Banna: An Egyptian schoolteacher who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928. His movement sought to organize social and political life around an Islamic program.
Coptic Christians in Egypt: Egypt’s largest Christian community, historically rooted in the country and largely affiliated with the Coptic Orthodox Church. Questions of citizenship and religious equality shape Muslim-Christian relations in Egypt.

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