Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905

An agreement imposed on Korea by Japan in November 1905 that made Korea a Japanese protectorate and transferred control of its foreign affairs to Japan.

Russo-Japanese War: A war fought from 1904 to 1905 between the Russian and Japanese empires over influence in Northeast Asia. Japan’s victory strengthened its position to impose control over Korea.
Korean–Japanese Protocol of 1904: A 1904 agreement that required Korea to provide facilities and assistance for Japan’s military operations. Its military provisions formed part of the sequence of agreements that constrained Korean independence.
Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty of 1910: The agreement by which Japan formally annexed Korea in 1910. Unlike the 1905 protectorate, it ended the Korean Empire’s formal existence.
Korean righteous army: Korean irregular resistance forces that fought foreign intervention and Japanese rule, especially in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Armed resistance intensified after Korea lost control of its foreign affairs.
Japan–Korea Treaty of 1904: An agreement that granted Japan strategic military rights in Korea during the Russo-Japanese War. It established Japanese influence over Korean affairs before the 1905 protectorate.
Japanese Resident-General of Korea: The Japanese official who supervised Korea’s administration under the protectorate established in 1905. The treaty created the office through which Japan exercised its new authority.
Korean Declaration of Independence of 1919: A proclamation issued by Korean activists in 1919 asserting Korea’s independence from Japanese rule. It rejected the legitimacy of the colonial order that followed the protectorate.
Korean independence movement: Organized efforts by Koreans to restore national sovereignty during Japanese domination. The treaty became an early focal point for resistance to Japanese rule.
Treaty of Portsmouth: The 1905 agreement that ended the Russo-Japanese War and recognized Japan’s preeminent interests in Korea. Russia’s recognition removed a major external obstacle to Japan’s takeover of Korean foreign affairs.
Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs: The government department responsible for conducting the Korean Empire’s diplomacy. Japan’s takeover displaced this ministry’s independent authority over foreign relations.

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