Jin dynasty (266–420)

A Chinese dynasty that reunified the country in 280 before losing control of the north and falling in 420. Its history is divided into the Western Jin and Eastern Jin periods.

War of the Eight Princes: A civil war among princes of the Western Jin imperial family from 291 to 306. The conflict devastated the court and weakened the dynasty before northern invasions.
Three Kingdoms: A period from 220 to 280 when Wei, Shu, and Wu competed for control of China. Jin arose from the Wei state and ended the era by conquering Wu.
Emperor Hui of Jin: The second Western Jin emperor, whose reign from 290 to 307 was dominated by court factions and civil war. His contested succession helped trigger the War of the Eight Princes.
Western Jin: The first phase of the Jin dynasty, ruling from 266 to 316 with its capital at Luoyang. Its collapse in the north prompted the dynasty's move south.
Northern and Southern dynasties: A period from 420 to 589 when separate dynasties ruled northern and southern China. The fall of Eastern Jin opened the southern succession that began this era.
Wu Hu: A traditional Chinese label for several non-Han peoples active in northern China during the early medieval period. Their states took advantage of Jin's weakened northern defenses.
Sima Yi: A Wei general and statesman whose family established dominance over the state in the third century. His political ascendancy laid the groundwork for his descendants' Jin dynasty.
Empress Jia Nanfeng: The politically influential wife of Emperor Hui, who dominated the Western Jin court in the 290s. Her struggle to control the succession helped ignite princely conflict.
Eastern Jin: The southern phase of the Jin dynasty, ruling from 317 to 420 with its capital at Jiankang. It maintained Jin's imperial line after the north was lost.
Liu Song dynasty: The first of the Southern dynasties, founded by Liu Yu in 420 after Eastern Jin. It directly replaced Jin's southern court.

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