John II of France

John II, called John the Good, was king of France from 1350 to 1364. His reign was marked by military defeats and captivity during the Hundred Years’ War.

Treaty of Brétigny: A 1360 agreement that ended a major phase of the Hundred Years’ War and granted England extensive French territories. The treaty secured John’s release by imposing territorial concessions on France.
Philip VI of France: King of France from 1328 to 1350 and the first Valois monarch. John succeeded his father amid an already ongoing war with England.
Ransom: A payment demanded for the release of a captive, often under negotiated terms. John’s release required a massive payment and hostages.
Bonne of Luxembourg: The first wife of John II of France and mother of several of his children. Her children included Charles, who governed during John’s captivity and later succeeded him.
Étienne Marcel: A Parisian merchant and political leader who challenged royal authority during the crisis of 1358. His revolt unfolded while John was captive and France struggled to govern itself.
Hundred Years’ War: A series of conflicts between the kingdoms of England and France from 1337 to 1453 over claims, territory, and power. The war defined John’s military and diplomatic priorities.
French royal finances: The revenues, taxation, borrowing, and expenditure used to fund the French monarchy. Raising John’s ransom strained the crown and prompted political conflict.
Joan I of Auvergne: John II’s second wife and queen consort of France from 1350. Her marriage to John strengthened his dynastic position and linked him to Auvergne.
Jacquerie: A 1358 uprising by peasants and townspeople in northern France against nobles and wartime burdens. The revolt revealed social tensions that intensified during John’s captivity.
Edward III of England: King of England from 1327 to 1377 who claimed the French crown and fought to expand English power in France. His claim to the French throne fueled the war John inherited.

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