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The 23 pages that link to Joule–Thomson effect, each with the reason it gives.

• Ideal gas lawRelated: An ideal gas has no Joule–Thomson temperature change, unlike many real gases.

• Liquefied natural gasRelated: Expansion cooling is one physical effect used in some natural-gas liquefaction cycles.

• Ideal gasCompared with: Ideal gases show no temperature change in this process, unlike real gases.

• CryogenicsRelated: This effect enables gas-expansion stages in many refrigeration and liquefaction cycles.

• Thermodynamic stateRelated: Its prediction depends on the gas’s initial thermodynamic state.

• Real gasRelated: Intermolecular forces make expansion change temperature, unlike an ideal gas.

• Isothermal processCompared with: It shows that pressure changes need not preserve temperature outside an idealized isothermal path.

• Thermodynamic potentialRelated: Enthalpy provides the conserved potential for this practical gas-expansion process.

• Natural gas processingCompared with: Joule–Thomson cooling can aid hydrocarbon condensation, unlike the deeper cooling of cryogenic expansion systems.

• Enthalpy of vaporizationCompared with: It involves enthalpy but describes gas expansion, not the enthalpy required for liquid vaporization.

• Liquid hydrogenRelated: Hydrogen must be precooled before throttling, since expansion at room temperature warms it.

• Liquid oxygenRelated: Gas liquefaction systems can use expansion cooling as part of the process that produces liquid oxygen.

• Maxwell relationsRelated: Thermodynamic derivative identities help express its temperature response using measurable gas properties.

• Heike Kamerlingh OnnesRelated: Gas liquefaction systems exploit this cooling effect, central to the methods refined in Onnes’s laboratory.

• Carl von LindeRelated: Linde used repeated throttling and regenerative cooling to bring air toward liquefaction.

• Flash evaporationRelated: It describes gas cooling or heating during pressure reduction, alongside liquid flashing.

• Isentropic processRelated: It illustrates how a common flow process can change temperature without following an isentropic path.

• Joule's first lawCompared with: Despite Joule's name, this gas effect is distinct from electrical resistive heating.

• Lord KelvinRelated: Kelvin and James Joule investigated this effect, which informs gas cooling and liquefaction.

• Redlich–Kwong equation of stateRelated: Real-gas properties calculated from the equation help predict throttling behavior.

• Virial expansionRelated: Virial equations can describe the nonideal gas properties that determine throttling temperature changes.

• Internal pressureCompared with: It is often confused with Joule expansion, but its enthalpy constraint yields a different coefficient.

• Thermodynamic equationsRelated: Thermodynamic relations predict whether throttling cools or heats a gas.